Doubts raised challenge a central premise behind the multibillion-dollar aid and reconstruction effort
Far fewer people died or were left homeless by last year's devastating earthquake than claimed by Haiti's leaders, a report commissioned by the US government has concluded – challenging a central premise behind a multibillion-dollar aid and reconstruction effort.
The report, a copy of which has been obtained by the Associated Press, estimates the death toll was between 46,000 and 85,000, far below the Haitian government's official figure of 316,000. It was prepared for the US Agency for International Development (USAid) but has not yet been publicly released. The report has inconsistencies, however, and won't be released publicly until they are resolved, US State Department spokeswoman Preeti Shah told AP. "The first draft of the report contained internal inconsistencies with its own findings," Shah said. "We are reviewing these inconsistencies ... to ensure information we release is accurate." She would not elaborate or say whether the report could change significantly once the inconsistencies are resolved. Haitian government officials said they had not seen the report and could not discuss it.
Based on a statistical sampling from a hard-hit section of downtown Port-au-Prince, the report also estimates that about 895,000 people moved into temporary settlement camps around the capital after the quake and that no more than 375,000 of those are still living under tarps and in tents and wooden shanties. Those figures conflict with numbers provided by the UN International Organization for Migration, which says the camp population reached 1.5 million after the quake and that there are still 680,000 in settlement camps around the capital.
The report also says there was less rubble than previously estimated. Immediately after the earthquake, the US Army Corps of Engineers reported about 20m cubic metres of debris but the study concluded that the total is less than half that amount.
The discrepancies are more than academic: the huge death toll and widespread destruction helped justify an international outpouring of aid for the impoverished Caribbean country, including $5.5bn (£3.3bn) pledged during a March 2010 UN donors' conference.
Many people questioned the Haitian government's death toll in the days after the quake. The officials released precise figures even as thousands of bodies were scooped up and dumped in mass graves in what seemed a haphazard fashion. Many more were left to decay in collapsed buildings. The government never publicly revealed its methodology for arriving at its statistics.
USAid commissioned the report through a Washington consulting firm, LTL Strategies, to get a more accurate picture of the amount of rubble to be cleared and housing that needed to be built or repaired.
The report's lead author, Timothy T. Schwartz, is an anthropologist whose previous work includes a book highly critical of the efforts of major international aid groups in Haiti. He declined to comment on Monday on the USAid report but said in a blog post that no one should be surprised about a revised death toll given the previous conflicting numbers and lack of justification for the official figures.
"Intellectually, I really don't care how many people got killed in the earthquake," Schwartz wrote. "The draft report for USAid was simply a job I was performing with a team of some 20 university educated professionals, including two other PhDs. But personally, for me, in terms of the tragedy, less is better. And at about 60,000 dead, that's still a huge tragedy."
The research for the report was conducted in January. Teams interviewed people face to face in almost 5,200 homes in densely populated neighborhoods in downtown Port-au-Prince, asking more than 100 questions, including how many people died in each building and where the survivors went.
"Undoubtedly, they have a powerful methodology," said Leonard Doyle, a spokesman for the UN migration organisation that conducted its own census of settlement camp populations. "But we are 100% confident that the people we counted are living in the camps."
The report has been circulating in Haiti for the past several days.
AP sent a copy to the office of Jean-Max Bellerive, who was prime minister during the earthquake, but he did not immediately respond to a request for comment.